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we're now close to the conclusion of the

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international space station's expedition

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43 which has been a very busy time for

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science for the six station crew members

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that leads directly into expedition 44

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which will conclude or continue the

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one-year mission and a lot of other

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research recently my colleague pat ryan

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had spoke with jorge sotomayer the lead

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increment scientist for both expeditions

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43 and 44 to get an update starting with

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the crew's work on a flame experiment

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known as flux 2.

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basically flex 2 studies the combustion

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of tiny little droplets of fuel

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in microgravity and studied the

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generation of

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suit during those tests

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and

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flex 2

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studied different mixes of fuel and and

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also studied in addition to just one

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droplet of fuel it also studied multiple

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fuel droplets two specifically

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so it wanted to study the interaction of

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the flame uh

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with between the two droplets as they

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ignite and and actually we have a new

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experiment coming up flex 2j in

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collaboration with japan and in that

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experiment we're actually going to test

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multiple droplets of fuel igniting at

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the same time and study the interaction

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of the flame

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as it occurs and it's important to know

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how flames burn in space because it's

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different than it is on earth right it

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is yes yeah we have a

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spherical droplet of fuel so the

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properties combustion properties and the

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fluid dynamics are different then what

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occurs in microgravity then what occurs

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here on earth

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so with this information we can

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design

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advanced

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systems for

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well as study

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and design cleaner

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burning

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techniques

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for the ground interesting

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there's also science onboard the station

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that happens outside the pressurized

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modules uh the fact that the robotic

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refueling mission had operations

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recently tell us about what that is yes

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yeah the uh robotic refueling mission uh

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phase two or rrm as we call it um that

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mission studies uh how to uh repair

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satellites currently in orbit

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but that were not designed to be

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repaired

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so all refueled so what rrm

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phase 2 consisted of was

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the crew set up task boards and tools

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in the gem airlock

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then the ssrms the robotic arm came over

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and picked those tools up and install

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them in the or on the rm facility

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external to the station right

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and the next phase is for the robotic

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arm to test those tools

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simulating uh that it's doing a repair

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on a failed uh satellite so the

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advantage of this is that we can extend

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the lives of the satellites on orbit

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that were not initially planned uh for

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replacement for a long duration and that

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will save cost to the

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companies on the ground as they don't

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have to relaunch the satellites yeah

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clearly have some some value

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another thing that got a lot of

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attention during expedition 43 was the

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first espresso machine

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on board the station

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that's not just for fun right tell me

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about that demonstration yes yeah yeah

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that was a very interesting

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demonstration it's a an investigation

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from the italian space agency and

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basically it wanted to bring to the

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station the comforts of home from the

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ground

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and uh and actually coincidentally an

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italian astronaut samantha christopher

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already installed the iss

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espresso machine

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and tested it it was all very successful

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and so now what the intent is to

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it not only helps in terms of

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bringing other options

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for food uh consumption to the

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astronauts but also

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the psychological effect of bringing it

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closer to home yeah and i think this

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other thing was sort of a psychological

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thing too they were using cups that

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allowed them to actually drink

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more like they would on earth as opposed

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to a straw in a bag

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yes capillary beverage yeah that's uh

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that investigation studies

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how to

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use fluid dynamics on the design of a

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cup

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so that the liquid doesn't spill

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it's still an open cup but the liquid

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doesn't spill again using all the

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physics and

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fluid dynamics that go with it now

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interestingly enough

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this technology from

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capillary beverage is not only being

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used to design these cups but also

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it will be used to design uh advanced

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fluid systems for spacecraft so it's all

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it seems very simple but the physics

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involved are very complex and have a

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multiple uh application and a way to

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control the movement of liquids where

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there's no gravity like yes pulling

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fluids to the bottom of a fuel tank

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right right yes that's a that's a

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problem that

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we're working on

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uh

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the

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expedition 43 crews uh working on a

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couple of big experiments in the

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one-year mission uh coming up uh tell me

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about this fluid shifts experiment and

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what scott kelly's going to be doing

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inside a russian

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piece of hardware

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yes yeah that's a very interesting

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experiment

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and fluid shifts

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basically what the scientists want to

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study is the effect of long-term uh

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exposure to microgravity and because the

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fluids shift from the lower part of the

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body to the upper part of the body and

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that creates increased

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pressure in the brain which at the same

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time then it increases the pressure on

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the eye on the back of the eye and that

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changes the vision of the astronauts so

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the objective is to study how that

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happens

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and

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possibly identify

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countermeasures for that with that

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situation by testing

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the ocular structure

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intracranial pressure

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both

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outside of the

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chibis suit as well as inside the chibis

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suit what the chibis

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suit does it's a

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lower body negative pressure so it will

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simulate or avoid having those fluids

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shifting from the lower body to the

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upper portion of the body it kind of

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draws fluids back down into the legs

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correct correct so we want to take the

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measurements with and without the

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chibi's suit and see if if it makes a

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difference is there a thought that that

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might be a a way to fight the fluid

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shift that we can can do it with crew

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members throughout the mission perhaps

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correct correct and potentially avoid

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temporary or permanent uh changes to the

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eye structure

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uh scott kelly and mikhail kornienko

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have also been working on a thing called

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fine motor skills that's part of their

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their one year plan too what's what do

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they do for that

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yeah that one actually as you know

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nowadays uh we rely on technology uh and

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not only technology but uh

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ipads and

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tablets and touch screen

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activities

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so in this particular investigation the

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crew members will

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do several tests throughout their

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mission

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to identify and all of the tests are

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going to be done on a touch screen

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tablet to identify how their reaction

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and the fine motor skills evolved as

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they

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stay on orbit and espec particularly

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during a one-year mission so there they

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were tested before flight

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then during flight to measure and

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identify the adaptation process and then

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after they come back to the ground to

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identify how they uh re-adapt to the

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earth's gravity

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and that's important because crew

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members need to still have those fine

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motor skills to do their jobs yes yeah

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especially

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on orbit

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have to work with very sensitive

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hardware do repairs and very sensitive

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hardware so it is very important that

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they maintain the fine motor skills

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throughout their mission

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be interesting to watch that is into

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expedition 44 and beyond and uh we'll

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have an opportunity to to check in with

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you again then find out how it's going